中英文摘要写作的比较研究
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开题报告文献综述任务书一网打尽 留学生找我们那就是直接找到了写手 cool
梁浩峰
(甘肃工业大学机械工厂，甘肃兰州730050)
摘要：专业论文的成功发表很大程度上取决于其摘要的写作。通过对两篇英文和中文作者写作
的摘要的分析比较，讨论如何结合文献的主题分析，组织好摘要的写作内容和重点，简明、准确、规
范地完成摘要写作。由此得出英文摘要写作的一般原则和方法。
关键词：英文摘要；对比；研究；写作规范；一般原则
中图分类号：H315
随着当今国际学术交流的日趋加深，越来越多
的科技人员需要利用英文科技期刊这一媒介与国际
同行进行学术交流。因此，英文论文作为一种国际
通用的学术交流方式越来越显示出其重要性。
一项科学实验无论取得多么重大的研究成果，
在未发表之前，就不能说它是完整的。有创造性的
研究成果必须发表，而成果的发表是研究过程的精
髓。论文摘要的质量高低，直接影响着论文的被检
索率和被引用频次。由于其特有的功能，摘要通常
被认为是一篇论文最重要的部分。本文给出两篇分
别由英文和中文为母语的作者写作的摘要，通过分
析和比较，由此得出英文摘要写作的一般原则和方
法。
1 摘要的概述
摘要又称概要，是以提供文献内容梗概为目的，
不加评论和补充解释，简明地记述文献重要内容的
短文m。其基本要素包括研究目的、方法、结果和结
论。
2 两篇摘要的比较研究
Abstract Ac ：
(1) This paper compares probabilistic and
possibility- based methods for design under uncertainty．(
2) It studies the effect of the amount of
data about uncertainty on the effectiveness of each
method． (3)Only systems whose failure is catastrophic
are considered，where catastrophic means
that the boundary between Success and failure is
sharp．(目的和方向)(4)First，the paper examines
the theoretical foundations of probability and pos—
sibility，focusing on the impact of the differences
between the two theories on design． (5)Then the
paper compares the tWO theories on design prob—
lems．(6)A major difference between probability
and possibility is in the axioms about the union of
events．(7)Because of this difference，probability
and possibility calculi are fundamentally different
and one cannot simulate possibility calculus using
probabilistic models．(8)Possibility- based meth—
ods tend to underestimate the risk of failure of sys—
terns with many failure modes． (9)For example，
the possibility of failure of fl series system of nominally
identical components is equal tO the possibili—
ty of failure of fl single component．(内容)(10)
W hen designing for safety，the tWO methods try tO
maximize safety in radically different ways and
consequently may produce significantly different
designs． (1 1) Probability minimizes the system
failure probability whereas possibility maximizes
the normalized deviation of the uncertain variables
from their nominal values that the system can tol—
erate without failure． (1 2)In contrast tO probabi—
listic design．which accounts for the cost of reduc—
ing the probability of each failure mode in design，
possibility tries tO equalize the possibilities of failure
of the failure modes，regardless of the attendant
cost．(结果)(13)In many safety assessment
problems，one can easily determine the most con—
servative possibilistic model that iS consistent with
the available information。whereas this iS not the 本文出自www.lunwendashi.com，在代写英语毕业论文与留学生论文方面具有丰富的经验！如果需要原创英语论文，英文论文请联系QQ 898498550
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