从功能文体学的角度看幽默祝福类短信的文体特征
2011-12-24 12:43:39 来源： 评论：0 点击：
中文关键词 短信息;;功能文体学;;前景化;;失协;;失衡学科专业名称 英语语言文学中文摘要 随着网络和通讯技术的迅猛发展,手机短信以其短...
中文关键词 短信息;;功能文体学;;前景化;;失协;;失衡
学科专业名称 英语语言文学
中文摘要 随着网络和通讯技术的迅猛发展,手机短信以其短小精悍,幽默睿智,即时迅捷等多重优点迅速融入大众生活,并逐步发展成为“第五媒体”,成为当代人日常信息传播的重要渠道和载体之一。短信语言也因为其不断呈现出来的鲜明特征而逐步被语言学界所关注。短信的语言虽然是以文字的形式存在,却具有众多口语的特点,同时自身许多独有的特点已使其逐渐成为一种全新的语体。然而,令人遗憾的是,目前人们对短信这一新兴语体的研究还不够深入和全面,对短信语言研究多停留在直观感性的收集、分类和介绍,形成系统理论的还很少。 本文以功能文体学中极具影响力的前景化理论作为理论框架,充分结合语音学,语相学,词汇学,语义学,句法学等多学科的基础理论,对短信语言文体特征进行了全面而详细的分析。 关于文体形形色色的定义中,功能文体学的观点是文体即“前景化”。Hallidy (1973)将“前景化”(foregrounding)与“突出”(prominence)进行了区分,认为只是“有动因的突出”(motivated prominence)才是“前景化”。同时,“前景化”也是“自动化”的对立面:“自动化”使事件“程序化”;而“前景化”则是对“程序”的偏离。Halliday接受了英国语言学家Leech的观点,将突出特征分为两类:一类是否定的,违反常规的,与其他语言或社会已接受的常规相违背的,称为“失协”(incongruity);另一种则是肯定的,是建立常规,强化常规的,是数理上的突出,称为“失协”(deflection)。 通过对纷繁复杂的短信进行整理分类,作者发现根据功能的不同,短信可以分为以下几类:信息联络类、幽默祝福类以及广告公务类。幽默祝福类短信作为短信的典型,具有短信的基本特征,同时便于收集整理,成为本文用作分析的主要语料。为了客观真实的反映短信语言的特点,作者从身边的亲朋好友以及互联网上收集了大量的幽默祝福类短信作为语料,运用定性分析和实例分析等方法,从音系、语相、词汇、句法以及语义等各个层次对其文体特征进行了详细的分析研究。 短信语言的“失协”主要体现在语相层和词汇层。在语相层,短信通过对多种标点符号的特殊使用以及空间布局的特别设计实现了对常规的偏离;词汇层中,则出现了大量的旧词新意、不同词汇集的共现、方言、双关词汇及英文表达的使用,从而实现了短信语言在词汇层对常规的偏离。 短信语言的“失衡”则充分体现在各个层次上:在音系层,为了实现前景化,大量使用了谐音,押韵及拟声词;语相层的前景化主要体现在逗号的大量使用,以及经过标点符号及字母的组合而形成的表情符号的大量使用;从词汇层来看,同素词、数词、同义词近义词、感叹词的频繁使用,以及词汇的排比和重复使用都实现了短信语言的前景化;在句法层,失衡主要通过句式的重复以及大量的句子成分的省略来实现;语义层的失衡主要体现在各种修辞手法的频繁使用中,包括:比喻、仿拟、拟人、排比、反语、以及突降法。 由于短信的发送与收取不受时间和空间的阻隔,其更能适应新时期的人际互动方式。这种沟通方式呈现出短小精悍、时尚风趣、快捷及时和方便实用等各种特征,而短信语言的各种前景化特征则正好顺应了这一新兴通讯方式的要求,实现了人与人之间信息的传递以及良好人际关系的建立与维持。 本文通过对大量幽默祝福型短信的文体特征分析,研究结果不仅深化了对短信的研究,同时也拓展了功能文体学的适用范围。有助于人们日常短信交际中更好的利用这种新型的交流方式,并感受其语言的美感,体会手机短信语言的独特魅力。
英文摘要 The Short Messaging Service (SMS) has been crowned as“the fifth media”because of its abundant advantages: short but to the point, humorous and in fashion, quick and in time, etc. Txt—the language used in the short message has attracted much attention in the wake of its distinct characteristics. It has become a new language style, which can be called“written speech”or“interactive written discourse”since it consists of the characteristics of both spoken and written language. However, the language in short message has not gained sufficient and intensive studies yet. Most of the studies concerned with short message remain at the stage of the simple collection, classification or superficial introduction. There are still few researches taken out under a scientific theoretical framework. This study aims to analyze the stylistic features of short message systematically and comprehensively based on the theory of foregrounding as well as many other theories such as graphology, lexicology, syntax, etc. Functional stylistics holds the view that style is foregrounding. And Halliday (1973) had made a distinction between the notions of foregrounding and prominence, and only the motivated prominence can be defined as foregrounding. Meanwhile, foregrounding is the opposition of automatization. Automatization schematizes an event while foregrounding violates the scheme. Halliday has adopted the viewpoints of Leech to classify the modes of foregrounding into two kinds: incongruity and deflection. The former one refers to the intentional departure from the norm of the standard, which is negative and the later one means the overregular use of the norm, which is positive. Short message can be classified into three groups on the basis of their functions: namely, problem-solving text message, humorous and blessing text message, and the advertisement text message. The humorous and blessing text message will be selected as the data to be analyzed since it’s a typical kind of short message with the typical linguistic features and easy to be collected. Based on the large number of data collected from the friends, classmates, relatives around the author and downloaded from the Internet, the author tries to analyze the functional stylistic features of the Txt from five levels respectively: phonological, graphological, lexical, syntactic and semantic. Incongruity mainly occurs at the graphological and lexical levels. At the graphlogical level, peculiar use of punctuation marks and manipulation of the space help to achieve foregrounding; at the lexical level, foregrounding is fulfilled through the use of old terms with new meaning, co-occurrence of the words in different lexical sets, common use of the dialect, pun and English expressions. Deflection appears at all levels: at the phonological level, foregrounded features are embodied in frequent use of homophones and homonyms, common use of rhyme, and abundant use of onomatopoeias; at the graphological level, over-use of commas and emoticons help to achieve deflection; at the lexical level, it is the frequent use of hemoioteteutons, numbers, synonyms, interjections, lexical parallelism and repetition to achieve the foregrounding; at the syntactic level, both the repetition and ellipsis are frequently used to realize the deflection; at the semantic level, it is realized by the various rhetorical devices, namely: simile, parody, personification, parallelism, irony and bathos. All these foregrounding features are produced to help the users to have a better expression in the communication, since the features are designed to conform to the characteristics of the texting message: namely, short but to point, humorous and in fashion and long-distance. On the basis of these foregrounding features, the short message communication could function better both in information transmitting and interpersonal relationship maintenance. It is hoped that the present research of the functional stylistic features of the short message could broaden the research area of text message as well as widen the practice of the theory of functional stylistics. And it may help people to have a better use of this kind of new communicating media, and have a better appreciation of its beauty and uniqueness of the texting message.
学科专业名称 英语语言文学
中文摘要 随着网络和通讯技术的迅猛发展,手机短信以其短小精悍,幽默睿智,即时迅捷等多重优点迅速融入大众生活,并逐步发展成为“第五媒体”,成为当代人日常信息传播的重要渠道和载体之一。短信语言也因为其不断呈现出来的鲜明特征而逐步被语言学界所关注。短信的语言虽然是以文字的形式存在,却具有众多口语的特点,同时自身许多独有的特点已使其逐渐成为一种全新的语体。然而,令人遗憾的是,目前人们对短信这一新兴语体的研究还不够深入和全面,对短信语言研究多停留在直观感性的收集、分类和介绍,形成系统理论的还很少。 本文以功能文体学中极具影响力的前景化理论作为理论框架,充分结合语音学,语相学,词汇学,语义学,句法学等多学科的基础理论,对短信语言文体特征进行了全面而详细的分析。 关于文体形形色色的定义中,功能文体学的观点是文体即“前景化”。Hallidy (1973)将“前景化”(foregrounding)与“突出”(prominence)进行了区分,认为只是“有动因的突出”(motivated prominence)才是“前景化”。同时,“前景化”也是“自动化”的对立面:“自动化”使事件“程序化”;而“前景化”则是对“程序”的偏离。Halliday接受了英国语言学家Leech的观点,将突出特征分为两类:一类是否定的,违反常规的,与其他语言或社会已接受的常规相违背的,称为“失协”(incongruity);另一种则是肯定的,是建立常规,强化常规的,是数理上的突出,称为“失协”(deflection)。 通过对纷繁复杂的短信进行整理分类,作者发现根据功能的不同,短信可以分为以下几类:信息联络类、幽默祝福类以及广告公务类。幽默祝福类短信作为短信的典型,具有短信的基本特征,同时便于收集整理,成为本文用作分析的主要语料。为了客观真实的反映短信语言的特点,作者从身边的亲朋好友以及互联网上收集了大量的幽默祝福类短信作为语料,运用定性分析和实例分析等方法,从音系、语相、词汇、句法以及语义等各个层次对其文体特征进行了详细的分析研究。 短信语言的“失协”主要体现在语相层和词汇层。在语相层,短信通过对多种标点符号的特殊使用以及空间布局的特别设计实现了对常规的偏离;词汇层中,则出现了大量的旧词新意、不同词汇集的共现、方言、双关词汇及英文表达的使用,从而实现了短信语言在词汇层对常规的偏离。 短信语言的“失衡”则充分体现在各个层次上:在音系层,为了实现前景化,大量使用了谐音,押韵及拟声词;语相层的前景化主要体现在逗号的大量使用,以及经过标点符号及字母的组合而形成的表情符号的大量使用;从词汇层来看,同素词、数词、同义词近义词、感叹词的频繁使用,以及词汇的排比和重复使用都实现了短信语言的前景化;在句法层,失衡主要通过句式的重复以及大量的句子成分的省略来实现;语义层的失衡主要体现在各种修辞手法的频繁使用中,包括:比喻、仿拟、拟人、排比、反语、以及突降法。 由于短信的发送与收取不受时间和空间的阻隔,其更能适应新时期的人际互动方式。这种沟通方式呈现出短小精悍、时尚风趣、快捷及时和方便实用等各种特征,而短信语言的各种前景化特征则正好顺应了这一新兴通讯方式的要求,实现了人与人之间信息的传递以及良好人际关系的建立与维持。 本文通过对大量幽默祝福型短信的文体特征分析,研究结果不仅深化了对短信的研究,同时也拓展了功能文体学的适用范围。有助于人们日常短信交际中更好的利用这种新型的交流方式,并感受其语言的美感,体会手机短信语言的独特魅力。
英文摘要 The Short Messaging Service (SMS) has been crowned as“the fifth media”because of its abundant advantages: short but to the point, humorous and in fashion, quick and in time, etc. Txt—the language used in the short message has attracted much attention in the wake of its distinct characteristics. It has become a new language style, which can be called“written speech”or“interactive written discourse”since it consists of the characteristics of both spoken and written language. However, the language in short message has not gained sufficient and intensive studies yet. Most of the studies concerned with short message remain at the stage of the simple collection, classification or superficial introduction. There are still few researches taken out under a scientific theoretical framework. This study aims to analyze the stylistic features of short message systematically and comprehensively based on the theory of foregrounding as well as many other theories such as graphology, lexicology, syntax, etc. Functional stylistics holds the view that style is foregrounding. And Halliday (1973) had made a distinction between the notions of foregrounding and prominence, and only the motivated prominence can be defined as foregrounding. Meanwhile, foregrounding is the opposition of automatization. Automatization schematizes an event while foregrounding violates the scheme. Halliday has adopted the viewpoints of Leech to classify the modes of foregrounding into two kinds: incongruity and deflection. The former one refers to the intentional departure from the norm of the standard, which is negative and the later one means the overregular use of the norm, which is positive. Short message can be classified into three groups on the basis of their functions: namely, problem-solving text message, humorous and blessing text message, and the advertisement text message. The humorous and blessing text message will be selected as the data to be analyzed since it’s a typical kind of short message with the typical linguistic features and easy to be collected. Based on the large number of data collected from the friends, classmates, relatives around the author and downloaded from the Internet, the author tries to analyze the functional stylistic features of the Txt from five levels respectively: phonological, graphological, lexical, syntactic and semantic. Incongruity mainly occurs at the graphological and lexical levels. At the graphlogical level, peculiar use of punctuation marks and manipulation of the space help to achieve foregrounding; at the lexical level, foregrounding is fulfilled through the use of old terms with new meaning, co-occurrence of the words in different lexical sets, common use of the dialect, pun and English expressions. Deflection appears at all levels: at the phonological level, foregrounded features are embodied in frequent use of homophones and homonyms, common use of rhyme, and abundant use of onomatopoeias; at the graphological level, over-use of commas and emoticons help to achieve deflection; at the lexical level, it is the frequent use of hemoioteteutons, numbers, synonyms, interjections, lexical parallelism and repetition to achieve the foregrounding; at the syntactic level, both the repetition and ellipsis are frequently used to realize the deflection; at the semantic level, it is realized by the various rhetorical devices, namely: simile, parody, personification, parallelism, irony and bathos. All these foregrounding features are produced to help the users to have a better expression in the communication, since the features are designed to conform to the characteristics of the texting message: namely, short but to point, humorous and in fashion and long-distance. On the basis of these foregrounding features, the short message communication could function better both in information transmitting and interpersonal relationship maintenance. It is hoped that the present research of the functional stylistic features of the short message could broaden the research area of text message as well as widen the practice of the theory of functional stylistics. And it may help people to have a better use of this kind of new communicating media, and have a better appreciation of its beauty and uniqueness of the texting message.
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